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NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Biology Anatomy of Flowering Plants
NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Biology Anatomy of Flowering Plants
NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Biology Anatomy of Flowering Plants is designed and prepared by the best teachers across India. All the important topics are covered in the exercises and each answer comes with a detailed explanation to help students understand concepts better. These NCERT solutions play a crucial role in your preparation for all exams conducted by the CBSE, including the JEE.
NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED
1. State the location and function of different types of meristems.Ans. Meristems are of three types on the basis of their location in plant body:
(i) Apical meristem: It is present at the apices of root and shoot and is responsible for increase in length.
(ii)Intercalary meristem: It is present at the bases of leaves above the nodes or below the nodes and is responsible for elongation of the organs.
(iii)Lateral meristem : It is present on lateral side and is responsible for increase in girth or diameter.
Ans. Yes, I agree with this statement. Cork cambium cuts off cells both on its outer side and inner side. The cells cut off on outer side form cork and cells cut off on inner side form secondary cortex. The cells of cork are dead whereas those of secondary cortex are living.
3. Cut a transverse section of young stem of a plant from your school garden and observe it under the microscope. How would you ascertain whether it is a monocot stem or a dicot stem ? Give reasons.Ans. Vascular bundles in dicot stem are arranged in a ring whereas in monocot stem vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue. On the basis of arrangement of vascular bundles it can be ascertained
whether the young stem is dicot or monocot. Besides undifferentiated ground tissue, sclerenchymatous hypodermis, oval or circular vascular bundles with Y shaped xylem are other differentiating features of monocot stem.
Ans. The plant material is identified as monocot stem.
5. Why are xylem and phloem called complex tissues?Ans. A group of different types of cells which perform common function is called complex tissue. Xylem and phloem are called complex tissues as all cells that work as a unit for a common function have different structural organisation. Xylem has four types of cells-tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres. Phloem consists of sieve tube elements, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres. Xylem is associated with conduction of water and minerals from roots to top of plants and phloem is responsible for transport of organic food.
6. What is stomatal apparatus? Explain the structure of stomata with a labelled diagram.Ans. Stomata are structures present in the epidermis of leaves. Stomata regulate the process of transpiration and gaseous exchange. Each stoma is composed*of two bean shaped cells known as guard cells which enclose stomatal pore. The outer walls of guard cells (away from the stomatal pore) are thin and the inner walls (towards the stomatal pore) are highly thickened. The guard cells possess chloroplasts and regulate the opening and closing of stomata. Sometimes, a few epidermal cells, in the vicinity of the guard cells become specialised in their shape and size and are known as subsidiary cells. The stomatal aperture, guard cells and the surrounding subsidiary cells are together called stomatal apparatus.
7. Name the three basic tissue systems in the flowering plants. Give the tissue names under each system.Ans. The three basic tissue systems in flowering plants are epidermal tissue system, ground tissue system and vascular tissue system.
Epidermal tissue system comprises epidermal cells, stomata, trichomes and hairs.
Ground tissue system consists of cortex, endodermis, pericycle, pith and medullary rays, in the primary roots and stems. In¬leaves, the ground tissue consists of thin walled chloroplast containing cells and is called mesophyll.
The vascular tissue system consists of complex tissues, the phloem and the xylem.
Ans. Study of internal structures of plants is called plant anatomy. Study of plant anatomy is useful:
-for solving taxonomic problems.
-for knowing homology and analogy of various plant groups.
-to differentiate the superior and inferior, standard and substandard or specified and unspecified woods.
-in establishing purity and correct identity of plant parts in pharmacognosy (science connected with sources, characteristics and possible medicinal uses).
-in knowing the structural peculiarities of different groups of plants.
Ans. phelloderm, phellogen and phellem together constitute the periderm. Periderm is protective in function.Dicot stems produce cork cambium or phellogen in the outer cortical cells. Phellogen cells divide on both the outer side as well as the inner side to form secondary tissues. The secondary tissue produced on the inner side of the phellogen is called secondary cortex or phelloderm. On the outer side phellogen produces cork or phellem.
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