NCERT Solutions 10th Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Exercise 3.4

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Exercise 3.4
1. Solve the following pair of linear equations by the elimination method and the substitution method:
(i) x + y =5 and 2x –3y = 4
(ii) 3x + 4y = 10 and 2x – 2y = 2
(iii) 3x – 5y – 4 = 0 and 9x = 2y + 7
(iv) x/2 + 2y/3 = - 1 and x – y/3 = 3
Answer
(i) x + y =5 and 2x –3y = 4
By elimination method
x + y =5 ... (i)
2x –3y = 4 ... (ii)
Multiplying equation (i) by (ii), we get
2x + 2y = 10 ... (iii)
2x –3y = 4 ... (ii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from equation (iii), we get
5y = 6
y = 6/5
Putting the value in equation (i), we get
x = 5 - (6/5) = 19/5
Hence, x = 19/5 and y = 6/5
By substitution methodx + y = 5 ... (i)
Subtracting y both side, we get
x = 5 - y ... (iv)
Putting the value of x in equation (ii) we get
2(5 – y) – 3y = 4
-5y = - 6
y = -6/-5 = 6/5
Putting the value of y in equation (iv) we get
x = 5 – 6/5
x = 19/5
Hence, x = 19/5 and y = 6/5 again
(ii) 3x + 4y = 10 and 2x – 2y = 2
By elimination method
3x + 4y = 10 .... (i)
2x – 2y = 2 ... (ii)
Multiplying equation (ii) by 2, we get
4x – 4y = 4 ... (iii)
3x + 4y = 10 ... (i)
Adding equation (i) and (iii), we get
7x + 0 = 14
Dividing both side by 7, we get
x = 14/7 = 2
Putting in equation (i), we get
3x + 4y = 10
3(2) + 4y = 10
6 + 4y = 10
4y = 10 – 6
4y = 4
y = 4/4 = 1 Hence, answer is x = 2, y = 1
By substitution method
3x + 4y = 10 ... (i)
Subtract 3x both side, we get
4y = 10 – 3x
Divide by 4 we get
y = (10 - 3x )/4
Putting this value in equation (ii), we get
2x – 2y = 2 ... (i)
2x – 2(10 - 3x )/4) = 2
Multiply by 4 we get
8x - 2(10 – 3x) = 8
8x - 20 + 6x = 8
14x = 28
x = 28/14 = 2
y = (10 - 3x)/4
y = 4/4 = 1
Hence, answer is x = 2, y = 1 again.
(iii) 3x – 5y – 4 = 0 and 9x = 2y + 7
By elimination method
3x – 5y – 4 = 0
3x – 5y = 4 ...(i)
9x = 2y + 7
9x – 2y = 7 ... (ii)
Multiplying equation (i) by 3, we get
9 x – 15 y = 11 ... (iii)
9x – 2y = 7 ... (ii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from equation (iii), we get
-13y = 5
y = -5/13
Putting value in equation (i), we get
3x – 5y = 4 ... (i)
3x - 5(-5/13) = 4
Multiplying by 13 we get
39x + 25 = 52
39x = 27
x =27/39 = 9/13
Hence our answer is x = 9/13 and y = - 5/13
By substitution method
3x – 5y = 4 ... (i)
Adding 5y both side we get
3x = 4 + 5y
Dividing by 3 we get
x = (4 + 5y )/3 ... (iv)
Putting this value in equation (ii) we get
9x – 2y = 7 ... (ii)
9 ((4 + 5y )/3) – 2y = 7
Solve it we get
3(4 + 5y ) – 2y = 7
12 + 15y – 2y = 7
13y = - 5
y = -5/13
Hence we get x = 9/13 and y = - 5/13 again.
(iv) x/2 + 2y/3 = - 1 and x – y/3 = 3
By elimination method
x/2 + 2y/3 = -1 ... (i)
x – y/3 = 3 ... (ii)
Multiplying equation (i) by 2, we get
x + 4y/3 = - 2 ... (iii)
x – y/3 = 3 ... (ii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from equation (iii), we get
5y/3 = -5
Dividing by 5 and multiplying by 3, we get
y = -15/5
y = - 3
Putting this value in equation (ii), we get
x – y/3 = 3 ... (ii)
x – (-3)/3 = 3
x + 1 = 3
x = 2
Hence our answer is x = 2 and y = -3.
By substitution method
x – y/3 = 3 ... (ii)
Add y/3 both side, we get
x = 3 + y/3 ... (iv)
Putting this value in equation (i) we get
x/2 + 2y/3 = - 1 ... (i)
(3+ y/3)/2 + 2y/3 = -1
3/2 + y/6 + 2y/3 = - 1
Multiplying by 6, we get
9 + y + 4y = - 6
5y = -15
y = - 3
Hence our answer is x = 2 and y = -3.